賓語(yǔ)從句的用法
1
概念引入
1. 賓語(yǔ)從句名言：
(1) that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
Sometimes we need to remind ourselves that thankfulness is indeed a virtue.
有時(shí)我們需要提醒自己，感激是真正的美德。
Health is the thing that makes you feel that now is the best time of the year.
健康使你感到現(xiàn)在是一年中最好的時(shí)光。
(2)what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
If you can’t have the best, make the best of what you have.
沒有最好的，就充分利用現(xiàn)有的。
If you don’t have what you like，you must like what you have.
沒有你喜歡的東西，就喜歡你現(xiàn)有的東西。
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句定義：
在主從復(fù)合句子中，充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)之后的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。 賓語(yǔ)可分為三類：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。
2
用法講解
1. 賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞
在復(fù)合句子中，作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：
I want to know whose book this is.
我想知道這是誰(shuí)的書。
賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種：
1)that;2)whether/ if;3)特殊疑問(wèn)詞what/ when/ where/ who等。例如：
He said that he could help me. 他說(shuō)他能夠幫助我。
Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.
你媽媽問(wèn)這個(gè)星期你能否完成工作。
Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin?
你能告訴我運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在什么時(shí)候開始嗎?
(1) 以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：
that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般都是由陳述句充當(dāng)，引導(dǎo)詞that沒有實(shí)際意義，不在從句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且從句成分齊全，句意完整。
Do you think (that) it will rain? 你認(rèn)為天會(huì)下雨嗎?
He said (that) he could come on time. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)的。
(2) 以whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：
從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的，變成從句后，語(yǔ)序由原來(lái)的倒裝語(yǔ)序變成陳述語(yǔ)序。whether和if意為“是否”。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.
請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not.
我不在乎你是否喜歡這個(gè)故事。
注意：
以下情況一般只用whether不用if。
1) 接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo.
她不知道是不是去動(dòng)物園。
2)與or not連用時(shí)。
I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.
他能否準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)，我說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。
(3) 特殊疑問(wèn)詞what/ when/ where/ who等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：
此類賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變成賓語(yǔ)從句后要用陳述語(yǔ)序，由wh-開頭的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞，這些引導(dǎo)詞有各自的意思，在從句中要作相應(yīng)的成分，不能省略。例如：
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?
請(qǐng)問(wèn)我們得走哪個(gè)門?
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.
他沒有告訴我他要在這里呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
由whether/ if和特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，原來(lái)的倒裝語(yǔ)序改成陳述語(yǔ)序時(shí)注意相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞的變化等。
Where does your father work? Can you tell us? →
Can you tell us where your father works?
你能告訴我們你爸爸在哪里工作嗎?
Did you get home very late? He asked me. →
He asked me if I got home very late. 他問(wèn)我是否到家很晚。
3. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)
(1) 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用各種時(shí)態(tài)。
例如：
My teacher says he will be back in a week. (一般將來(lái)時(shí))
我的老師說(shuō)他將在一個(gè)星期后回來(lái)。
My teacher says he is watching TV. (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
我的老師說(shuō)他正在看電視。
My teacher says he has seen the movie. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
我的老師說(shuō)他已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。
(2)如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
例如：
My father said he was watching TV at that time.(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
我爸爸說(shuō)在那個(gè)時(shí)候他在看電視。
My father said the he had already seen the movie. (過(guò)去完成時(shí))
我爸爸說(shuō)他已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影了。
注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句是表示客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例如：
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
我們的老師告訴我們太陽(yáng)比地球大多了。
4. 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，其反意疑問(wèn)句與從句一致。例如：
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute，will they?
我認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)等到最后一分鐘，他們會(huì)嗎?
I don’t believe he did this, did he?
我相信他不會(huì)做這樣的事，他會(huì)嗎?
圖片
鞏固練習(xí)
I.單項(xiàng)選擇。
1.—Do you know ______ the Capital Museum?
— Next Friday.
A. when will they visit
B.when they will visit
C. when did they visit
D.when they visited
2.He wanted to know _______ the English party.
A.when will we have
B.when we will have
C.when would we have
D.when we should have
3.I want to know ________.
A.when we should arrive at the airport
B.when should we arrive at the airport
C.when the airport we should arrive at
D.when the airport should we arrive at
4.—David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ______?
—He is a doctor.
A.Who is he B.who he is
C.what is he D.what he is
5. I don’t know when _____.
A. will the train leave
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave
D. the train leave
6. Do you know what _____ with Jim?
A. is wrong B. wrong is
C. wrong was D. the matter is
7.-I want to know _____.
-Why not go to the park?
A. where I can go for a picnic
B. where can I go for a picnic
C. what I can go for a picnic
D. what can I go for a picnic
8. I don’t think he is right, ______?
A. do I B. isn’t he
C. is he D. don’t I
9. The teacher didn’t say you would come, _____?
A. would you B. wouldn’t you
C. did she D. didn’t you
10. Do you know______ daughter she is?
A. whose B. whom C. what D. who
11. They wondered if the teacher ______them some English songs the next week.
A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
12. He asked me if I knew______.
A. whose pen was it
B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is
D. whose pen is it
13. He told me ______ Paris is the capital ofFrance.
A. which B. the C. that D. what
14. He asked me ______ during the summer holiday.
A. where I had gone
B. where I had been
C. where had I gone
D. where had I been
15. I m not sure whether ______ tomorrow.
A. they will arrive
B. will they arrive
C. they arrive
D. they have arrived
[真題鏈接]
1. —Do you know _________ the meeting?
—Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had
B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have
D. when are they going to have
2. —Mr. Green, do you know_______?
—July 10, it will last a month.
A. when our summer camp begins
B. when does our summer camp begin
C. where our summer camp begins
D. where does our summer camp begin
3. I didn’t know ______.(
A. when would the train arrive
B. where could I get the book
C. what has been done
D. who left the message
II.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用賓語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)全下列句子。
1.我不知道為什么她如此著迷Apple iphone4s。
I don’t know _______________ Apple iphone4s.
2.我們給了她一些建議，但不知道她是否會(huì)接受。
We’ve given her some advice, but I don’t know_______________.
3.作為社會(huì)的一員，我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力做我們應(yīng)該做的。
As society members, we should try our best to do______________.
4. ——請(qǐng)你告訴我怎么到中山公園好嗎?
——好的。你可以坐公交車去那。
—Could you tell me____________?
—Yes, you can go there by bus.
5. ——湯姆在紐約呢還是已經(jīng)回家了?
——對(duì)不起，我不確信是否他已經(jīng)回來(lái)。
—Is Tom still in New York or already back at home?
—Sorry，I’m not sure ____________.
III. 中考真題
1. — Could you tell me _________?
— Certainly. In half an hour.
A. when will the high speed train arrive
B. when the high speed train will arrive
C. when would the high speed train arrive
D. when the high speed train would arrive
2. —Excuse me, could you tell me ______ to get to the post office?
—Certainly. The No. 15 bus.
A. which bus I should take
B. I should take which bus
C. should I take which bus
D. which bus should I take
3.I think _____ not difficult _____ English every morning.
A. that; keep reading
B.it’s; keep reading
C. that; to keep reading
D.it; to keep reading
4. Do you know _________ Zunyi or not tomorrow?
A. whether are they leaving for
B. whether they are leaving for
C. if they are leaving for
D. if are they leaving for
5. The policewoman asked the little boy ______.
A.where did he live
B.where he lived
C.where he lives
D.where does he lives
6. — Show me the map, please. I wonder ____________.
— Look, it s here, in the east ofChina, near Taiwan Province.
A. where is Diaoyu Island
B. where Diaoyu Island is
C. what is Diaoyu Island like
7. — Could you tell me_____ he came here?
—He drove here himself.
A. how B. why C. when D. whether
8. —Can you tell me ____ the prize, Tom?
—Last year.
A. when you got
B. when did you get
C. when will you get
D. when you will get
參考答案
I.單項(xiàng)選擇。
1. B。句意：——你知道他們什么時(shí)候參觀首都博物館嗎?——下周五。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng);又由答句可知應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)，故排除D項(xiàng)。
2. D。句意：他想知道我們什么時(shí)候舉辦英語(yǔ)聯(lián)歡會(huì)。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而A、B兩項(xiàng)都是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故被排除;賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而C項(xiàng)是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序，也被排除。
3. A。句意：我想知道我們應(yīng)該什么時(shí)候到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞know后面接的是賓語(yǔ)從句，由賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序可排除B和D兩項(xiàng);又因?yàn)镃項(xiàng)中the airport的位置不對(duì)，故選A。
4. D。 句意：——David，看那邊那個(gè)穿白衣服的人，你能告訴我他是干什么的嗎?——他是醫(yī)生。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。由答句可知詢問(wèn)的是職業(yè)，所以用疑問(wèn)詞what;又因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，故選D。
5.B。本題是考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)的用法。特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思可以判斷是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。所以選擇B。
6.A。本題是考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用法。特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序，what在賓語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，所以what is wrong是陳述語(yǔ)序。同樣如果D改成is the matter也是正確的。
7.A。本題是考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用法，特殊疑問(wèn)詞where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。從對(duì)話的答語(yǔ)可以判斷特殊疑問(wèn)詞where引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
8.C。本題是考查反意疑問(wèn)句的用法。主句是I think和后面的賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句保持一致，前面的句子是否定句，所以附加疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式。
9.C。本題是考查反意疑問(wèn)句的用法。復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和主句保持一致，這里主句是The teacher didn’t say，而且是否定句，所以附加疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式。
10. A。句意為“你知道她是誰(shuí)的女兒?jiǎn)?”可知應(yīng)該用whose。
11. A。從句的時(shí)態(tài)原本應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)(因?yàn)闀r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是next week)，但是由于主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該改為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，即would +動(dòng)詞原形。
12. B。首先通過(guò)從句應(yīng)該是陳述句語(yǔ)序這一點(diǎn)來(lái)排除A和D，然后由于主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，因此從句也要用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)，故選B。
13. C。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that，可以省略，在從句中不作任何成分。
14. B。首先，從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序，因此只能考慮A或B。然后根據(jù)題目的意思，他問(wèn)我去了哪里，證明我已經(jīng)回來(lái)的，問(wèn)的是曾經(jīng)去了哪里，因此用been to。
15. A。該題中的A, C, D都是陳述句語(yǔ)序，都可以考慮;但是只有A符合從句時(shí)態(tài)的要求，故選A。
[真題鏈接]
1. B。句意：—你知道他們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)嗎?—明天上午。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。tomorrow
morning為一般將來(lái)時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，故可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，排除D項(xiàng)。故選B。
2. A。句意：—格林先生，你知道我們的夏令營(yíng)什么時(shí)候開始嗎?—7月10號(hào)，它將持續(xù)一個(gè)月。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)為when，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，故選A。
3. D。句意：我不知道是誰(shuí)留下的信息。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而A、B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序，故排除;C選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)，故選D。
II.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用賓語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)全下列句子。
1. why she is so crazy about
2. whether she’ll accept it
3. what we should do
4. how I can get to Zhongshan park
5. if he has been back
III. 中考真題
1. B。由when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，要用陳述語(yǔ)序，所以排除A和C,主句時(shí)態(tài)是表示委婉語(yǔ)氣的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)句意，選擇B。
2. A�？疾樘厥庖蓡�(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，要用陳述語(yǔ)序，根據(jù)句意，選擇A。
3. D。這里的it作形式賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式to keep reading English作真正的賓語(yǔ)。
4. B。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，所以排除A、D選項(xiàng);if不能與or not連用故選B答案。
5. B�？疾閣here引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用陳述句語(yǔ)序，由asked可知從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選B。
6. B。考查where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，要用陳述語(yǔ)序。根據(jù)句意可知選B。
7. A。由答語(yǔ)可知，問(wèn)他來(lái)這的方式，所以引導(dǎo)詞選how。
8. A。由答語(yǔ)last year可知問(wèn)獲獎(jiǎng)的時(shí)間，when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，所以選A。
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