來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-23 22:56:23
1. 連詞的功能
用來連接詞,短語,從句或句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞,在句中不能單獨(dú)使用。連詞可分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。
2. 并列連詞
并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞,短語或句子。常見的并列連詞有:
(1) 表并列關(guān)系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2) 表選擇關(guān)系的or, either…or等。
(3) 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while等。
(4) 表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。
3. 從屬連詞
從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句。常見的從屬連詞有:
(1) 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。
(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if, unless等。
(3) 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。
(4) 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。
(5) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的though, although, even if等。
(6) 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7) 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的than, as…as等。
(8) 引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that, if , whether等。
4. 常用連詞的用法辨析
(1)while, when, as
這三個(gè)連詞都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,但用法有所不同。
1) 當(dāng)某事正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,又發(fā)生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用來引導(dǎo)表示“背景”的時(shí)間狀語從句。例如:
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
我沿著街道走時(shí),注意到一輛警車。
2) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,最常用的是while。例如:
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
當(dāng)母親做午飯時(shí),我正在做作業(yè)。
3) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都表示發(fā)展變化的情況時(shí),最常用的是as。例如:
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
隨著孩子的長(zhǎng)大,他們?cè)絹碓蕉鄬?duì)周圍的事情感興趣。
4) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),或表示“一邊…一邊…”時(shí),最常用as。例如:
She looked behind from time to time as she went.
她邊走邊不時(shí)地朝后面看。
5) 當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),通常用when。例如:
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
當(dāng)他完成工作后,他進(jìn)行了短暫的休息。
6) 當(dāng)從句是瞬間動(dòng)作,主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作時(shí),通常用when。例如:
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
當(dāng)約翰到達(dá)時(shí),我正在做飯。
(2)as, because, since , for
這四個(gè)詞都可表原因,但用法有區(qū)別。
1) 如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。因此,because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。例如:
I stayed at home because it rained.
因?yàn)橄掠辏晕掖粼诩依铩?/p>
---Why aren’t you going?
為什么你不走?
---Because I don’t want to.
因?yàn)槲也幌肴ァ?/p>
2) 如果原因已被人們所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一點(diǎn)。As和since 引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如:
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
由于他沒有準(zhǔn)備,我們沒有帶他。
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
既然我沒有錢,我不能賣任何食物。
3) for用來補(bǔ)充說明一種理由,因此,for引導(dǎo)的從句幾乎可以放在括號(hào)里。For引導(dǎo)的句子不放在句子的開頭。例如:
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.
我決定停下來,吃午飯。因我感覺很餓。
(3)if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”講,在引導(dǎo)賓與從句是一般可互換。例如:
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
我想知道你是否還在那所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
我不知道他是否喜歡這部電影。
在下列情況下,只能用whether,不能用if:
1) 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)。例如:
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
他是否來參加聚會(huì)還不知道。
2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)。例如:
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
問題是我能否通過考試。
3) 在不定式前。例如:
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
我還沒有決定是否去哪兒。
(4)so…that, such...that
1) so…that中的so是個(gè)副詞,其后只能跟形容詞或副詞,而such...that中的such是個(gè)形容詞,后接名詞或名詞短語。例如:
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
我很累,因此不想再走了。
It was such a hot day that he went swimming.
如此熱的天氣,以至于他去游泳。
2) 如果在名詞之前有many, much, little, few時(shí),用so,不用such。例如:
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
他受到得教育很少以致于他找不到工作。
(5)either…or…, neither…nor, not only…but also…
這三個(gè)連詞詞組都可連接兩個(gè)并列成分。當(dāng)它們連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要隨相鄰的主語變化。例如:
Either you or he is wrong.
Neither he nor his children like fish.
不但他不喜歡而且他的孩子也不喜歡魚。
Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.
不但老師而且學(xué)生想買這本書。
(6)although, but
這兩個(gè)連詞不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如:我們不能說“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”這個(gè)句子應(yīng)改為:Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.盡管他已是六十多歲,但他和其他工作一樣努力。
(7)because, so
這兩個(gè)連詞同樣不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如:我們不能說“Because John
was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 這個(gè)句子應(yīng)改為Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 因?yàn)榧s翰病了,所以我?guī)瘁t(yī)生。
(8)till/until與not…till/until的區(qū)別
前者表示一個(gè)延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,后者表示一個(gè)才開始的動(dòng)作。如:
I will stay here and watch the baby until you return.
我會(huì)呆在這里看著娃娃直到你回來 (stay這個(gè)動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行到你return)
They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.
他們要到獲得了他們認(rèn)為合理的東西時(shí)才會(huì)繼續(xù)干下去的
另外till與until基本可以互換,但是在句首時(shí)只能用until,不能用till. 如:
Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.
我們堅(jiān)持到比賽的最后一分鐘
Not until he had finished his work did he go home.
直到做完工作他才回家(倒裝句)
(9)though與although的區(qū)別
兩個(gè)詞都表示“雖然”,均不可以與but同時(shí)使用,但在句中可加still或yet連用。although“盡管、雖然”僅作連詞,比較正式,一般可以換為though;though“雖然、盡管、即使”,還可以與even連用(=even if),表示“即使、縱然”,作副詞時(shí)意思是“然而、不過”,不能放在句首。如:
He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.
盡管疾病使他無法上課但是他還是通過了考試
she won’t leave the TV set, even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.
她不愿離開電視機(jī)雖然丈夫在等她吃飯
It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.
這是個(gè)不熱鬧的聚會(huì)盡管如此我還是玩得很開心
(10)prefer to…rather than…與prefer…to…的區(qū)別
prefer to…rather than…后面都是用動(dòng)詞原形,prefer…to…都是用動(dòng)名詞或名詞。如:
I prefer English to Japanese.
與日語相比我更喜歡英語
I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese.
與日語相比我更喜歡學(xué)英語
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