歌訣解碼
一、三姊妹
賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類(lèi)型：
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：
We knew (that)we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三關(guān)
1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)
如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that(that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略);如果從句是一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether;如果從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。
2. 語(yǔ)序關(guān)
①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.
②一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：
Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)
①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：
I have heard(that)he will come back next week.
②如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：
He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.
注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用
1. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。
如：
“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。
如：
Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?
四、兩副面孔
if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：
If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語(yǔ)從句)
五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化
“
1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?
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