來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-01-11 20:14:16
8大時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時
1、概念:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況;有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況;總是發(fā)生的;事實真理。
2.時間狀語: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+動詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)
4.否定形式:主語+am / is / are+not+其他;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加 don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用 doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把 be 動詞放于句首;用助動詞 do 提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用 does,同時,還原行為動詞。
eg:①It seldom snows here. 這里很少下雪。②He is always ready to help others. 他總是樂于幫助別人。③Action speaks louder than words. 事實勝雄辯。
二、一般過去時
1.概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+動詞的過去式或 be 的過去式+名詞
4.否定形式:主語+was / were+not+其他;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was 或 were 放于句首;用助動詞 do 的過去式 did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
eg:①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你這么忙。
三、一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
2.時間狀語:Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主語+will / shall+do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+am /is/ are not going to+do;主語+will / shall not do+其它
5.一般疑問句:be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大寫)
eg:①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將在學(xué)習(xí)中與我們競爭。②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
四、一般過去將來時
1.概念:立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+was / were+going to+do+其它;主語+would / should+do+其它
4.否定形式:主語+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主語+would/should+not+do.
5.一般疑問句:was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首
eg:①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他說他第二天要去北京。②I asked who was going there. 我問,誰要去那里。
五、現(xiàn)在進行時
1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be+doing+其它
4.否定形式:主語+be+not+doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首。
eg:
①Are you feeling good today?你今天感覺如何?
②He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。
六、過去進行時
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu): 主語+was / were+doing+其它
4.否定形式:主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
5.一般疑問句:把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一個字母大寫)
eg:①At that time she was working in a company. 那段時間她在一家公司工作。②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他進來時,我正在讀報紙。
七、現(xiàn)在完成時
1.概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.時間狀語:yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+時間點,for+時間段,recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have / has+過去分詞+其它
4.否定形式:主語+have / has+not+過去分詞+其它
5.一般疑問句:have 或 has 放句首。
eg:①I've written an article. 我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在過去的幾年,農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
八、過去完成時
1.概念:過去發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):had+done.
4.否定形式:had+not+done.
5.一般疑問句:had 放于句首。
6.用法:(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句中。
eg:She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她從來沒有去過巴黎。
(2)在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。
eg:①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
(3)表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。
eg:①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。(注意:had hardly… when... 剛......就......)
③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。(注意:had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……)
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