過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是過(guò)去，即從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成
一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是由“should/would + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的。
He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.
昨天他問(wèn)我什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去巴黎。
They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.
他們想知道怎樣才能早一點(diǎn)兒完成家庭作業(yè)。
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是過(guò)去，即從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。
a. 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于間接引語(yǔ)中
He said they would arrange a party.
他說(shuō)他們將安排一個(gè)晚會(huì)。
I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.
我問(wèn)他是否來(lái)幫我修電視機(jī)。
b. 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)可用來(lái)表示非真實(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.
如果我有機(jī)會(huì)出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的話，我就會(huì)去劍橋大學(xué)。
I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.
今晚他能和我一起去看電影就好了。
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間其他表達(dá)法
a. was/were going to +動(dòng)詞原形
He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.
他說(shuō)他退休后要住在農(nóng)村。
They thought it was going to rain.
他們認(rèn)為天要下雨了。
b. was/were +動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.
沒(méi)人知道客人們是否要來(lái)。
I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.
我被告知火車幾分鐘后就要開(kāi)了。
c. was/were +動(dòng)詞不定式
She said she was to clean the classroom after school.
她說(shuō)她放學(xué)后要打掃教室。
It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River.
據(jù)報(bào)道長(zhǎng)江上將要再建一座大橋。
提示：
“was/were going to +動(dòng)詞原形”或“was/were + 動(dòng)詞不定式完成式”可表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。
Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.
上星期天我們本想去游覽長(zhǎng)城的，但卻下雨了。(沒(méi)有去成)
I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.
我是打算幫忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。(沒(méi)有幫上忙)
d. was/were about to do
“was/were about to do”表示說(shuō)話的瞬間就會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
I felt something terrible was about to happen.
我覺(jué)得有可怕的事要發(fā)生了。
e. was/were on the point of doing
I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now. 很高興你來(lái)了。我正準(zhǔn)備給你打電話，現(xiàn)在你省去我這個(gè)麻煩了。
提示：
“be about to do”和“be on the point of doing”結(jié)構(gòu)一般不與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但后面可以接when引導(dǎo)的分句。
I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.
我正要?jiǎng)由硖焱蝗幌掠炅恕?/p>
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