動(dòng)詞的分類的用法
按照動(dòng)詞在句中的作用，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可分為四類;實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
1、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(行為動(dòng)詞)
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(行為動(dòng)詞)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。
She types fast.她打字速度很快。He studies in this school.他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
(1)及物動(dòng)詞
及物動(dòng)詞必須接賓語(yǔ)，才能有完整的意思，這可以有三種情況;
① 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) Her father enjoys warm tea very much in summer.她的父親夏天非常愛(ài)喝熱茶。
② 動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)Did he give you a present yesterday?May I ask you a question?
③ 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)They call her "Little Li" They elected Bush president.他們選布什當(dāng)總統(tǒng)
(2)不及物動(dòng)詞
不及物動(dòng)詞本身有完整的意思其后不需要跟賓語(yǔ)。例如：
His mother works in a hospitalShe stayed at home yesterday.
有些動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)用作不及物動(dòng)詞，詞義有時(shí)相同，有時(shí)不同。
When did your father leave Beijing? He left yesterday.
記住下面這些可帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
buy, bring, build, cook, cut, draw, find, hand, get, leave, lend,make, offer pay, pass, read,return, show, sell, tell, teach, write等。
記住下面帶賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞
① 要求名詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞call, name, make, leave, think等。
② 要求形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞want, keep, find, get, paint, turn, cut等。
2、連系動(dòng)詞
連系動(dòng)詞本身有意義，但不能在句子中單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，如be, seem, look, become, get, appear, remain, feel, sound等。He is a lawyer. She looks very beautiful.
3、助動(dòng)詞
助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有意義，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等動(dòng)詞形式，表示否定，疑問(wèn)等結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常用的助動(dòng)詞有：shall, will.have, should, would, do, be等。
I don't know where he is.(否定句)Do you have a dictionary with you? (疑問(wèn)句)I have been to Shanghai twice.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.(一般將來(lái)時(shí))
4、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人在能力、必要、義務(wù)或猜測(cè)等方面的語(yǔ)氣或態(tài)度，有自已的詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，必須和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
如：can, may, must, would, should, need, dare, might, used to 等。She can speak English fluently.她能流利和說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。You may take the book with you if you like.如果你喜歡，可以把這本書拿走。
Need we hand in our exercise-books before class?我們需要在上課前交練習(xí)本嗎?
There must be a mistake.準(zhǔn)是弄錯(cuò)了。You shouldn't do that.你不應(yīng)該做那件事。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞二要點(diǎn)
動(dòng)詞原形跟后面，說(shuō)話語(yǔ)氣較委婉。can表“能力”，may“許可”, must“責(zé)任或義務(wù)”, 否定回答needn't 換;“需要”need, dare“敢”，should“應(yīng)該”，would“愿”，have to“被迫”表客觀。
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